Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of children and adolescents who were newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus

Results Children diagnosed with type 1 DM were 110 out of 145 (75.9%) and 35 out of 145 (24.1%) were type 2 diabetes. Mean age of onset was 10.6 ± 0.9 years and there was no seasonal variation of incidence. 36.4% of children with type 1 DM presented initially with diabetic ketoacidosis. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 16.9 ± 3.8 kg/m, mean blood glucose level was 482.7 ± 214.4 mg/dL and mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 12.1 ± 2.28%. Positive result was revealed in 70% of the subjects with type 1 DM for antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), 1.8% for islet-cell antibodies (ICA), 20.9% for insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and 75.4% showed positive results for at least one of these autoantibodies. 35 patients (24.1%) were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Mean age of onset of type 2 diabetes was 12.2 ± 3.4 years. 22 out of 35 (63%) subjects were diagnosed with type 2 DM in the process of evaluating the cause of obesity without any other presenting symptoms. Mean BMI was 27.1 ± 7.9 kg/m, mean blood glucose level was 229.0 ± 108.8 mg/dL and mean HbA1c concentration was 9.3 ± 2.9%. 63% of the subjects diagnosed with type 2 DM had a family history of DM and 75% were either overweight or obese. Fatty liver were diagnosed in 20% patients.